Human Genetics

Abortion:          Premature expulsion of the fetus from uterus.

Aneuploidy:      Having an extra or less chromosome related to the parental chromosome number.

Aneuploidy

Autosome:         Chromosome of any type that is the same in males and females of the species.





Crossing Over:  Interaction in which non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosome break corresponding sites and exchanges segments.



Crossing Over

Deletion:       Loss of a segment from a chromosome or loss few base pairs from a DNA molecules.

Disease:   Outcome of infection when defenses don't move fast enough and pathogene attacks body.

Double-blind:  Different investigators independently collect, them compare data.
study 

Duplication:    Gene sequence repeated several times .

Genetic:           Rare or less common version of a heritable trait.

abnormality

Genetic:           Inherited condition that causes mild to severe medical problems.

disorder

Genetic Disorder

Genetic:          

recombination Results of process that puts new genetic information into a DNA molecules.

Homologous:   One of a pair of chromosome identical in size, shape, and that interact at meiosis.

chromosome

Homologous Chromosome

In-vitro:           Conception outside the body.

fertelization

Independent assortment:  Mendelian theory that at the end of meiosis, each pair of  homologous chromosome are sorted to gametes    independently.

Inversion:        Part of a chromosome that became oriented in reverse.

Karyotype:     Preparation of metaphase chromosome sorted by length, centromere location, etc.

Linkage:          All genes on a chromosome. 

group

Mosaicism:      Cells of the same types that express genes differently.

Mosaicism

Non-disjunction: Failure of a pair of homologous chromosome to separated  during meiosis or mitosis.     

Polyploidy:      Having three or more of each type of chromosome in the nucleus.

Reciprocal cross: Paired cross, in the first 1 parent displays the trai of interest; in the second the other parent displays it.

        

Sex:                  Chromosome with genes that affect sexual traits.

chromosome



Syndrome

 Syndrome:        A set of symptoms that collectively characterized a genetic disorder or disease.

Translocation: Movement of a stretch of DNA to a new chromosal location.

X:                      Type of sex chromosome were the embryo becomes a female.

chromosome

Y:                       Type of sex chromosome were the embryo becomes a male.

chromosome



Duplication



Translocation

Y Chromosome