sábado, 9 de abril de 2011

DNA

Adenine:  Purine;  nitrogen-containing base in certain nucleotides.

Bacteriophage: Category of viruses that infect bacterial cells.

Cloning:      Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism.

Cytosine:   Pyrimidine; one of the nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides.

Deoxyribonucleic acid:  The molecule of inheritance.

DNA ligase: Enzyme that seals new base-pairings during DNA replication.

DNA polymerase: Enzyme of replication that repair a new strand of DNA on a parent DNA templates.

DNA repair: Enzymes that fixes small-scale alterations in  DNA strand.


DNA replication: Any process by which a cell duplicates its DNA molecules.

Guanine: Nitrogen-containing base in one of four nucleotide monomers of DNA.

Nucleotide: Small organic compound with deoxyribose, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

Thymine:  A nitrogen-containing base; one of the nucleotides in DNA.

X-rays difraction images: Pattern on film exposed to x-rays that are directed to a molecules and reveal the positions of atoms.

Anticodon: Series of three nucleotide bases in RNA.

Base sequence: Sequential order of bases in a DNA or RNA strand.

Base pair:   One amino acid has replaced another during protein synthesis.
substitution

Carcinogen:  Any substance that can trigger cancer.

Codon: One of 64 possible base triplets in an mRNA strand.


Deletion: Loss of a segment from a chromosome.

Exon: The base sequences of an mRNA transcript that will become translated.

Gene mutation: Small-scale change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule.

Genetic Code: The correspondence between nucleotide triplets and specific sequences of amino acids.

Insertion: One to a few bases into a DNA strand; a movable attachment of muscle to bone.

Intron: Noncoding portion of a pre-mRNA transcript.

Ionizing radiation: High-energy wavelengths.

mRNA: Single strand of ribonucleotides transcribed from DNA; encoding protein-building instructions.

Mutation rate: Probability that a spontaneous mutation will occur during DNA replication cycles.