Animal Tissue

1.       adhering junction           Junction where a mass of anchored proteins help adjoining cells adhere.

2.       adipose tissue  A connective tissue having an abundance of fat-storing cells.

3.       blood    Fluid connective tissue of water, solutes, and formed elements (blood cells, platelets). Transports substances to and from cells, helps maintain internal environment.

4.       bone tissue       Of vertebrate skeleton, a tissue of osteoblast secretions hardened with minerals.

5.       cardiac muscle tissue    A contractile tissue that is present only in the heart wall.

6.       cartilage              Connective tissue with solid, pliable intercellular material that resists compression.

7.       dense, irregular connective tissue          Animal tissue with fibroblasts, many asymmetrically positioned fibers in ground substance. In skin and some capsules around organs.

8.       dense, regular connective tissue            Animal tissue with rows of fibroblasts between parallel bundles of fibers. In tendons, elastic ligaments.

9.       ectoderm           The first-formed, outermost primary tissue layer of animal embryos; gives rise to nervous system tissues and integument's outer layer.

10.  endocrine gland              Ductless gland that secretes hormones, which the bloodstream distributes.

11.   endoderm         Inner primary tissue layer of animal embryos; source of inner gut lining and derived organs.

12.   epithelium         Animal tissue that covers external surfaces and lines internal cavities and tubes. One surface is free and the other rests on a basement membrane.

13.  exocrine gland Glandular structure that secretes products, usually through ducts or tubes, to a free epithelial surface.

14.   gap junction      Cylindrical arrays of proteins in the plasma membrane that pair up as open channels for signals between adjoining cells.

15.   gland cell            A cell that secretes products unrelated to their own metabolism for use elsewhere

16.   homeostasis     State in which physical and chemical aspects of internal environment

17.  internal environment   Blood + interstitial fluid.

18.  loose connective tissue               Animal tissue with fibers, fibroblasts loosely arrayed in semifluid ground substance.

19.   mesoderm         Primary tissue layer of all large, complex animals; gives rise to many internal organs and part of the integument.

20.   nervous tissue Connective tissue composed of neurons and often neuroglia.

21.   neuroglia            Collectively, cells that structurally and metabolically support neurons.

22.   neuron                Type of nerve cell; basic communication unit in most nervous systems.

23.  organ    Body structure with definite form and function that consists of more than one tissue.

24.   organ system    Organs interacting chemically, physically, or both in a common task.

25.   skeletal muscle tissue   Striated contractile tissue that is the functional partner of bone.

26.   smooth muscle tissue   Nonstriated contractile tissue found in soft internal organs.

27.   tight junction    Cell junction where strands of fibrous proteins oriented in parallel with a tissue's free surface collectively block leaks between the adjoining cells.

28.   tissue   Of multicelled organisms, a group of cells and intercellular substances that function together in one or more specialized tasks.

Origin and Evolution of LIfe

Angiosperm       Flowering plant.

2.       archaebacterium            Member of the prokaryotic domain Archaebacteria

3.       Archean eon     Eon in which life arose (3.8-2.5 bya).

4.       big bang              Model for origin of universe.

5.      Cenozoic era     The present era (65 mya to present).

6.       crust, of Earth   Outer zone of low-density rocks resting on the Earth's mantle.

7.       dinosaur             One of a fabulous group of reptiles that originated in the Triassic and became the dominant land vertebrates for 125 million years.

8.      Ediacaran            One of the species with a highly flattened body that arose in the precambrian.

9.       endosymbiosis theory  Continuing physical contact between two species, one of which lives and reproduces inside the other's body.

10.   eubacterium     Prokaryotic cell; has a nucleoid, but no nucleus, cytoplasm, or cell membrane.

11.   eukaryotic cell  Cell having a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

12.   global broiling hypothesis           Theory that an asteroid impact caused the K-T mass extinction by creating a colossal fireball, the debris from which raised global air temperature by thousands of degrees.

13.   gymnosperm    Type of vascular plant in which seeds form on exposed surfaces of reproductive structures

14.   K-T asteroid impact theory         A huge asteroid hit Earth at the K-T boundary; last dinosaurs perished during the mass extinction.

15.   mantle Of mollusks, a tissue draped over the visceral mass. Of Earth, a zone of intermediatedensity rocks beneath the crust.

16.   Mesozoic era    An era (240-65 mya) of spectacular expansion in the range of global diversity.

17.   Paleozoic era    Era from Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, through the Permian.

18.   prokaryotic cell                Archaebacterium or eubacterium; single-celled organism, most often walled; lacks the profusion of membranebound organelles observed in eukaryotic cells.

19.   Proterozoic eon              Period from 2.5 billion to 570 million years ago; period during which eukaryotic cells arose.

20.   protistan  Has a nucleus, larger ribosomes, mitochondria, ER, Golgi bodies, chromosomes with numerous proteins, and cytoskeletal microtubules.

21.   Proto-cell           Hypothetic cell-like stage between chemical evolution and the first living cell.

22.   RNA world         One model for prebiotic evolution in which RNA was the template for protein synthesis before the evolution of DNA.

23.   Stromatolite      Fossilized mats of shallow-water microbial communities, mainly cyanobacteria, from Archean to precambrian.