Evidence of Evolution

Allele: Two or more molecular forms of a gene

Allele Frequency: Relative abundances of each kind of allele among all the individuals of a population.

Antibiotic: Metabolic product of soil microbes that kills bacterial competitors for nutrients.

Balanced Polymorphism:  Form of selection in which two or more alleles are being maintained in a population.

Biogeography: Scientific study of the world distribution of species.

Bottleneck: Severe reduction in the size of a population.

Catastrophism: Idea that abrupt changes in the geologic or fossil record.

Comparative: Scientific study of comparable body parts of adults
morphology

Directional: Mode of natural selection by which allele frequencies underlying a range of phenotypic variation
selection

Disruptive Selection: Mode of natural selection by which the different forms of a trait at both ends of the range of variation.

Evolution: Genetic change in a line of descent.

Fitness: Increase in adaptation to environment.

Fixation: Loss of all but one kind of allele at a gene locus .

Fossil: Physical evidence of an organism that lived in the distant past.

Founder Effect: A form of bottlenecking.

Gene Flow: Microevolutionary process; alleles enter and leave a population.

Gene Pool: All genotypes in a population.

Genetic Drift: Change in allele frequencies over the generations due to chance alone.

Gentic Equilibrium: a state in which a population is not evolving.

Hardy- : Allele frequencies stay the same over the generations when there is no mutation
Weinberg Rule

Inbreeding: Nonrandom mating among close relatives

Lethal Mutation. Mutation with drastic effects on phenotype
Microevolution: any change in allele frequencies resulting from mutation, genetic drift, etc.

Mutation Rate: the probability that a spontaneous mutation will occur during  DNA replication cycles.

Natural Selection: the outcome of differences in survival and reproduction among individuals that differ in details of heritable traits.

Neutral Mutation: A mutation with little or no effect on phenotype.

Polymorphism: The persistence of two or more different forms of a trait.

Population: All individuals of the same species.

Sampling Error: All individuals of the same species for an experimental group.

Sexual Selection: a type of selection that favors a trait giving an individual a competitive edge.

Stabalizing Selection: Mode of natural selection by which intermediate phenotypes are favored and extremes at both ends are eliminated.

Theory of Uniformity: Early theory that the earth's surface changes in gradual, uniformly repetitive ways.